Ames, Iowa, USA
February 25, 2013

Herbicides were developed during the twentieth century to be used with conventional tillage for weed control. Conservation (or minimum) tillage subsequently evolved, which enabled less soil damage when used with herbicides. Selection pressure, however, has resulted in weed species that have made adaptations for survival in conjunction with tillage. A recent Issue Paper from CAST, Herbicide-resistant Weeds Threaten Soil Conservation Gains: Finding a Balance for Soil and Farm Sustainability, examines the impact of certain weed management practices on soil conservation objectives and addresses ways to mitigate negative effects. The U.S. government has put several federal policies and programs in place that help determine the selection and implementation of crops and conservation programs in relation to herbicides and tillage. The authors of this paper discuss those programs with regard to:

• The disagreement among organizations, there being no simple solutions;
• The need for collaboration among all parties; and
• A case study of Palmer amaranth, "one of the most high-profile problems," in Georgia cotton. 

The balance between conservation tillage and herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management is the central issue addressed in the paper. As the authors state, "The fundamental conflict facing many producers with HR weed management issues today is the choice between using tillage or land stewardship practices that protect soil and water resources."
 
A few of the paper's conclusions include the following:

• Soil conservation is threatened by HR weeds.
• Growers are including and/or intensifying tillage practices because of HR weeds.
• Education programs are needed to show HR weed management without losing recent gains.
• More research is necessary regarding HR weed management and soil conservation goals.

Task force authors:
David Shaw, Chair, Mississippi State University
Stanley Culpepper, University of Georgia
Micheal Owen, Iowa State University
Andrew Price, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory
Robert Wilson, University of Nebraska
 
The new Spanish version of CAST Issue Paper #49 (49 SPA) is available in the publications section of this site, along with many of CAST's other scientific publications. All CAST Issue Papers and Commentaries are FREE. 

Las malezas resistentes al herbicida son una amenaza para los avances logrados en la conservación del suelo: Cómo encontrar un equilibrio entre la sustentabilidad del suelo y los predios agrícolas
Issue Papers - IP49-SPA - February 2013

Los herbicidas se desarrollaron durante el siglo XX para su uso con la labranza convencional con el fin de controlar malezas. Posteriormente, evolucionó la labranza de conservación (mínima), que permitió menor daño al suelo cuando se utilizaba con herbicidas. Sin embargo, las presiones de selección han tenido como resultado especies de malezas que se han adaptado para su supervivencia conjuntamente con la labranza. El gobierno de EEUU ha establecido diversos programas y políticas para ayudar a determinar la selección e implementación de programas de cultivos y conservación relacionados a herbicidas y labranza. Este artículo examina el impacto que ciertas prácticas de control de malezas han tenido en los objetivos de conservación del suelo y aborda formas de mitigar sus efectos negativos.
Presidente: David R. Shaw, Office of Research and Economic Development, (Oficina de Investigación y Desarrollo Económico) Mississippi State University, (Universidad Estatal de Misisipí), Mississippi State. IP49 SPA, February 2013, 16 pp. Gratuito. Disponible en línea e impreso (Cuota de envío y manejo).

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Website: http://www.cast-science.org

Published: February 25, 2013