A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
In this posting:
[1] Pakistan: Punjab
[2] India: Haryana
******
[1] Pakistan: Punjab
Date: Mon 25 Mar 2019|
Source: The Dawn [edited]
<https://www.dawn.com/news/1471613/wheat-under-yellow-rust-attack>
Wheat is currently under attack by yellow rust in Punjab. The disease has been reported from almost all wheat growing districts. First spotted in February [2019], the disease had affected 20 per cent of the crop within a month.
Punjab's Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides Dr Zafar Yab Haider said most of the crop varieties affected were either unapproved, or approved for sowing in Sindh rather than Punjab. New wheat varieties like FD-8 and Johar remained safe from the fungus, and [he] hoped that the disease would not drastically impact the overall yield.
Dr Javed Ahmad, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, stressed that wheat growers should sow a new seed variety after a couple of years as repeated sowing allows the Yellow Rust to overcome the plant's resistance. Farmers continued to reuse old wheat varieties contrary to the advice of agriculture experts.
Nervous at the outbreak, farmers in some areas have resorted to spraying fungicides. Experts recommend the use of fungicides at least where the disease is found. But Dr Ahmad warned against pesticides [because] wheat in the country is used raw and [there may be] residues. He advised to avoid irrigating and applying fertilisers as it will aggravate the situation.
[Byline: Amjad Mahmood]
--
Communicated by:ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2] India: Haryana
Date: Mon 25 Mar 2019
Source: The Tribune [edited]
<https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/110-acres-affected-by-yellow-rust-in-y-nagar/747956.html>
Wheat in Yamunanagar district has been affected by yellow rust.
According to the Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Department, the disease has been detected on 109.5 acres [44.3 ha] in 5 varieties of wheat so far.
A team from the Agriculture Department along with scientists visited the fields affected by yellow rust. "We are asking farmers to spray [fungicide] in the affected fields," [they] said. A farmer said the government should help and provide [fungicide] for free.
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Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Stripe rust (also called yellow rust) of cereals is caused by the fungus _Puccinia striiformis_. The disease affects wheat (_Triticum aestivum_), durum wheat (_T. turgidum_), some barley varieties, triticale (wheat/rye hybrids), and a number of wild grasses. It causes yellow stripes on leaves which leads to loss of photosynthetic ability and plant vigour, as well as stunting of plants. Yield losses of 40 to 100 per cent have been reported in wheat.
Spores are wind dispersed in several cycles during the cropping season. Grasses and volunteer crop plants may generate a "green bridge", providing inoculum for the next crop cycle. Disease monitoring is important so that timely action can be taken to limit the spread of the pathogen as well as build-up of inoculum. Disease management may include the use of resistant varieties, fungicide applications and control of pathogen reservoirs. Monitoring and resistance breeding programmes have been established in different regions for early detection of new rust strains and to attempt to stay ahead of pathogen evolution.
While stem rust (_Puccinia graminis_) poses a huge potential threat to world wheat production, stripe rust is currently causing the most damage to wheat crops on a global scale. New strains of both rusts with increased virulence and additional fungicide resistances have been reported in recent years from wheat-growing areas worldwide.
Climate warming allowing survival of wheat rusts on green bridges into higher latitudes is another example of pathogens extending their range due to climate change (see also ProMED-mail posts http://promedmail.org/post/20141024.2895414,
http://promedmail.org/post/20120809.1235745,
http://promedmail.org/post/20090914.3230,
http://promedmail.org/post/20110718.2172). Projects for double resistance breeding to manage both stripe and stem rusts simultaneously are in progress (see ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20120831.1274190).
The Himalayan region, including parts of Pakistan and India, has been identified as a source of most of the aggressive stripe rust races which have arrived in Europe over recent years (ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20150717.3517395). In India, of the cereal rusts, stripe rust is the most serious constraint to wheat production.
Maps
Pakistan:
<https://www.nationsonline.org/maps/pakistan_map.jpg>,
<https://www.mapsofworld.com/pakistan/maps/pakistan-political-map.jpg>
(provinces), and
<http://healthmap.org/promed/p/941>
India:
<http://healthmap.org/promed/p/2326> and <http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/india-political-map.htm> (with
states)
Haryana districts:
<https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/haryana/haryana.htm>
Pictures
Stripe rust symptoms on wheat:
<http://fyi.uwex.edu/fieldcroppathology/files/2015/05/Stripe-Rust-1.jpg>,
<http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/brief/2005/stripe/image/wheat3.jpg>,
and
<https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/sites/gateway/files/styles/original/public/Stripe%20rust%20infected%20glume.JPG?itok=pYpeNYx0>
Stripe rust on barley:
<http://media.padil.gov.au/species/136639/7736-large.jpg> and <http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Barley-stripe-rust-1.jpg>
Ryegrass with stripe rust:
<http://www.science.oregonstate.edu/bpp/Plant_Clinic/images/ryegrass_stripe%20rust.jpg>
and
<http://plant-pest-advisory.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/photo-15-e1378922274640.jpg>
Links
Information on stripe rust:
<https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=45876>,
<https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/stpaul/cereal-disease-lab/docs/cereal-rusts/wheat-stripe-rust/>,
<https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-stripe-rust-wheat>,
<http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/pests/barley-stripe-rust/>,
<http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/158964/stripe-rust-in-wheat.pdf>,
and
<http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r730100511.html>
_P. striiformis_ life cycle:
<https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3673/figures/1>
Stripe rust global tracking, current race analysis & distribution:
<http://wheatrust.org/yellow-rust-tools-maps-and-charts/> and <http://rusttracker.cimmyt.org/?page_id=9>
Stripe rust reviews:
<https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.01057/full>
and via
<https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20163358726>
_P. striiformis_ taxonomy and synonyms:
<http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=227064>
and
<http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=227064>
Global Rust Initiative:
<http://www.globalrust.org/>
- Mod.DHA]
[See Also:
2018
----
Stripe rust, wheat - Australia: (VI) new strain
http://promedmail.org/post/20180614.5855829
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (PB) alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20180301.5659889
2017
----
Stripe rust, wheat - UK: (02) Red 24 & Blue 7, new strains
http://promedmail.org/post/20171023.5397303
Stripe rust, wheat - UK: new strains
http://promedmail.org/post/20170914.5317650
Stripe rust, wheat - Canada, USA
http://promedmail.org/post/20170608.5091941
Stripe rust, durum wheat - Mexico: new strain
http://promedmail.org/post/20170413.4967401
Stem & stripe rusts, wheat - Europe, Asia, Africa: new races
http://promedmail.org/post/20170206.4820305
2016
---
Stripe, stem & leaf rusts, wheat - Ethiopia
http://promedmail.org/post/20161117.4637042
Stripe rust, wheat - UK (02): new strains susp
http://promedmail.org/post/20160711.4337095
Stripe rust, wheat - USA: new strains susp
http://promedmail.org/post/20160610.4277039
Stripe rust, wheat - UK: Kranich strain, 1st rep
http://promedmail.org/post/20160219.4033809
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (PB) alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20160106.3916044
2015
---
Stripe rust, wheat - Europe: origin of strains
http://promedmail.org/post/20150717.3517395
Stripe rust, wheat - Pakistan, Mexico
http://promedmail.org/post/20150530.3396665
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (JK)
http://promedmail.org/post/20150323.3247875
2014
---
Stripe rust, cereals - France
http://promedmail.org/post/20140616.2543141
Stripe rust, wheat - Spain: (CL) Warrior strain
http://promedmail.org/post/20140523.2489629
Undiagnosed rust, wheat - Pakistan: (KP)
http://promedmail.org/post/20140321.2346029
Stripe rust, wheat - UK: Warrior strain, alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20140122.2224928
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (PB, HR)
http://promedmail.org/post/20140109.2162693
and additional items on stripe rust in the archives]
Topics
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