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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: March 2024
Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation
(EPPO) Reporting Service 03/2024/064 [summ. Mod.DHA, edited]
https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-7814


_Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus_ (_Crinivirus_, CYSDV - EPPO
A2 List) is first reported from Iraq. CYSDV was detected from
symptomatic courgettes (_Cucurbita pepo_) grown in open fields in
2022.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED

[_Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus_ (CYSDV; genus _Crinivirus_)
is thought to originate from the Middle East and has been reported
from only few locations outside that region. Both the virus and its
insect vector have been included on the A2 quarantine list of the
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO). CYSDV
affects mostly cucurbits such as melons, cucumber and pumpkins.
Symptoms may include leaf mottling and severe yellowing, as well as
stunting of plants or leaf distortion on some of the hosts. Plant
vigour is reduced due to loss of photosynthetic area, which may lead
to significant yield losses. Symptoms may be confused with nutritional
problems or those of some other cucurbit viruses.

CYSDV is transmitted by a number of whitefly vectors, including
_Bemisia tabaci_. Whiteflies are a serious pest in themselves and have
also been reported to transmit over 100 virus species. Outbreaks of
whitefly transmitted viruses are usually associated with high vector
populations. Multiple infections with viruses sharing the vectors are
not unusual and may result in symbiotic enhancement of symptoms
(synergism) of the co-infecting viruses.

Criniviruses are transmitted exclusively by their insect vectors; they
cannot be spread with seed or by mechanical means. Outbreaks are
usually associated with high vector populations. Weed hosts may serve
as virus and/or vector reservoirs. Control of whitefly-transmitted
viruses is particularly difficult in open field crops due to the
widespread presence and wide host range of whiteflies. Disease
management is difficult but may include vector control, removal of
reservoirs of both virus and vectors, use of crop varieties with
increased pathogen tolerance and clean planting material.

Pictures
Cucurbit yellow stunting disease:
https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/5125003.jpg
CYSDV affected melon fields:
https://cales.arizona.edu/crop/vegetables/advisories/images/CYSDV_in_Melons.jpg
Whiteflies on cucurbit leaf:
https://files.growingproduce.com/growingproduce/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/whiteflies.jpg

Links
Source publication:
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-23-1551-PDN
Information on CYSDV and diseases:
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CYSDV0,
https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.17070 (with distribution
maps),
https://www.growingproduce.com/crop-protection/disease-control/cucurbit-yellow-stunting-disorder-virus-cases-flaring-in-south-florida/
and
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1996Articles/Phyto86n12_1370.pdf
Virus taxonomy via:
https://ictv.global/taxonomy
EPPO A2 quarantine list:
https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/A2_list
Information on whiteflies:
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/BEMITA (with pictures)
- Mod.DHA

ProMED map:
Iraq: https://promedmail.org/promed-post?place=8715925,89]

[See Also:
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus - Jamaica: 1st rep
http://promedmail.org/post/20240411.8715907
2023
----
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus - India: 1st rep
http://promedmail.org/post/20231023.8712771
2022
----
Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus: emerging pathogen
http://promedmail.org/post/20220318.8702057
2021
----
Lettuce infectious yellows virus - Europe: 1st rep (Spain)
http://promedmail.org/post/20210820.8608396
Multiple viruses, tomato - India: (MH)
http://promedmail.org/post/20210705.8495612
2020
----
Tomato chlorosis virus: 1st reports, new hosts
http://promedmail.org/post/20200607.7428940
2018
----
Tomato chlorosis virus - Netherlands
http://promedmail.org/post/20180719.5914214
2017
----
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus - Italy: 1st rep (Sardinia)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170111.4753360
2015
----
Vegetable viruses - Spain: (AN) alert
http://promedmail.org/post/20151204.3839034
2007
----
Cucurbit virus, CYSDV, melon - USA (AZ): Attempts of control
http://promedmail.org/post/20070425.1345
and additional items on criniviruses in the archives]

Website: http://www.isid.org

Published: April 15, 2024