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Date: September 2023
Source: European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 09/2023/194 [summ. Mod.DHA, edited]
https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-7676


_Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus_ (_Crinivirus_, CYSDV - EPPO A2 List) is first reported from India. It was detected during surveys conducted in 2021-2022 in Uttar Pradesh. _Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus_ (CCYV) was also detected.

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Communicated by:
ProMED

[_Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus_ (CYSDV; genus _Crinivirus_) is thought to originate from the Middle East and has been reported from only few locations outside that region. Both the virus and its insect vector have been included on the A2 quarantine list of the European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO). CYSDV affects mostly cucurbits such as melons, cucumber, and pumpkins. Symptoms may include leaf mottling and severe yellowing, as well as stunting of plants or leaf distortion on some of the hosts. Plant vigour is reduced due to loss of photosynthetic area, which may lead to significant yield losses. Symptoms may be confused with nutritional problems or those of some other cucurbit viruses.

CYSDV is transmitted by several whitefly vectors, including _Bemisia tabaci_. Whiteflies are a serious pest in themselves and have also been reported to transmit over 100 virus species. Outbreaks of whitefly-transmitted viruses are usually associated with high vector populations. Multiple infections with viruses sharing the vectors are not unusual and may result in symbiotic enhancement of symptoms (synergism) of the co-infecting viruses.

_Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus_ (CCYV; current status: unclassified crinivirus) is also transmitted by whiteflies. It was first identified in 2004 causing damage to melon (_Cucumis melo_), watermelon (_Citrullus lanatus_) and cucumber (_Cucumis sativus_) crops in China, Japan and Taiwan. It then spread to Africa and the Middle East and is considered an emerging virus worldwide (ProMED post 20220318.8702057).

Criniviruses are transmitted exclusively by their insect vectors; they cannot be spread with seed or by mechanical means. Outbreaks are usually associated with high vector populations. Weed hosts may serve as virus and/or vector reservoirs. Control of whitefly-transmitted viruses is particularly difficult in open field crops due to the widespread presence and wide host range of whiteflies. Disease management is difficult but may include vector control, removal of reservoirs of both virus and vectors, use of crop varieties with increased pathogen tolerance and clean planting material.

Pictures
Cucurbit yellow stunting disease:
https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/5125003.jpg
CYSDV affected melon fields:
http://cals.arizona.edu/crop/vegetables/advisories/images/CYSDV_in_Melons.jpg
CCYV symptoms on cucurbit leaves:
https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/1536x1024/5556501.jpg,
https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/5556502.jpg and
https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/5556503.jpg
Whiteflies on cucurbit leaf:
http://files.growingproduce.com/growingproduce/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/whiteflies.jpg

Links
Source publication, with pictures of symptoms:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2023.109876
Information on CYSDV and diseases:
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CYSDV0,
https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.17070 (with distribution maps),
http://www.growingproduce.com/crop-protection/disease-control/cucurbit-yellow-stunting-disorder-virus-cases-flaring-in-south-florida/ and
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1996Articles/Phyto86n12_1370.pdf
Information on CCYV:
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CCYV00,
https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.110472 and
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=558690
Virus taxonomy via:
https://ictv.global/taxonomy
EPPO A2 quarantine list:
https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/A2_list
Information on whiteflies:
https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/BEMITA (with pictures)
- Mod.DHA

ProMED map:
India: https://promedmail.org/promed-post?place=8712771,142]

See Also

2022
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Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus: emerging pathogen 20220318.8702057
2021
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Lettuce infectious yellows virus - Europe: 1st rep (Spain) 20210820.8608396
Multiple viruses, tomato - India: (MH) 20210705.8495612
2020
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Tomato chlorosis virus: 1st reports, new hosts 20200607.7428940
2018
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Tomato chlorosis virus - Netherlands 20180719.5914214
2017
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Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus - Italy: 1st rep (Sardinia) 20170111.4753360
2015
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Vegetable viruses - Spain: (AN) alert 20151204.3839034
2007
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Cucurbit virus, CYSDV, melon - USA (AZ): Attempts of control 20070425.1345
and additional items on criniviruses in the archives

Website: http://www.isid.org

Published: October 24, 2023