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Date: Sun 5 Feb 2023
Source: Farmers Weekly [summ. Mod.DHA, edited]
https://www.fwi.co.uk/arable/crop-management/aphid-borne-pea-virus-can-cut-yields-by-40


Turnip yellows virus (TuYV), known to affect oilseed rape crops, is now being seen hitting field pea yields by as much as 40%. This may explain why pea yields have not shown significant increases in recent years. The virus was detected in all 20 pea fields surveyed in 2022 in the whole of the UK, from Aberdeenshire down to Kent and Hampshire.

The fields were assessed following a mild winter, which allowed aphids carrying the virus to thrive. However, the virus did not cause signs of visual damage to crops.

[Byline: David Jones]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED

[Based on molecular evidence, European non-sugar beet infecting strains of _Beet western yellows virus_ (BWYV) were reclassified as the separate species _Turnip yellows virus_ (TuYV; genus _Polerovirus_). TuVY is considered an emerging threat to oilseed rape production in Europe and elsewhere. In the UK, it is one of the most important viral diseases of oilseed rape, preventing crops from reaching their genetic yield potential. Losses of seed yields of close to 50% have been reported in that crop (for example from Australia). In addition, yield and quality of oil from affected seeds is also reduced. TuYV has a wide host range including all brassica crops, lettuce and many weed species serving as virus reservoirs. For legumes, yield losses in lentil and field peas similar to what is reported above for the UK have been recorded in Australia (see links below).

Symptoms depend on host species but may include reddening or purpling of leaf margins and interveinal discolouration resembling some physiological or nutritional problems; they may, therefore, be difficult to identify. Symptomless infections can also occur. TuYV is transmitted by aphid vectors, with the peach aphid (_Myzus persicae_) considered the most important. Disease management may include insecticides for vector control in crops and as seed treatments, as well as cultural practices (for example, shelter belts or barrier plantings).

Reliable information on susceptibility levels of current crop varieties is so far not available. Research on genetic diversity of TuYV populations from different hosts and different locations is being carried out. Results can be expected to assist in delineating potential strains or variants posing threats to particular hosts and identifying possible host resistance sources to be used in breeding programme.

Maps
UK:
https://www.worldometers.info/img/maps/unitedkingdom_physical_map.gif
Europe, overview:
https://mapofeurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/europe-political-map.jpg

Pictures
TuYV symptoms in legumes:
https://extensionaus.com.au/FieldCropDiseasesVic/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/Fig-3-Field-pea-TuYV-300x225.jpg and
https://extensionaus.com.au/FieldCropDiseasesVic/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/TuYV-in-lentil-300x225.png
TuYV in brassicas:
https://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/d099fcc8-147a-4d86-914b-79acb7cf3706/ndr212045-fig-0001-m.jpg,
http://www.blackthornarable.co.uk/uploads/images/d5%208145.JPG,
http://www.blackthornarable.co.uk/uploads/images/d5-8136.jpg,
http://www.bayercropscience.co.uk/media/261562/turnip-yellows-virus-osr-content.jpg and
http://bmcontent.affino.com/AcuCustom/Sitename/DAM/010/TuYV-leaf_Main.jpg
Model of TuYV particle:
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/33/b3/50/33b350b094b80be850b8281a114292b2.jpg
_M. persicae_ vector:
http://www.blackthornarable.co.uk/uploads/images/T585-0034.jpg (on rape leaf)

Links
Information on TuYV in different hosts:
https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/turnip-yellows-virus-canola-diagnosis-and-management,
https://cropscience.bayer.co.uk/threats/diseases/oilseed-rape-diseases/turnip-yellows-virus-tuyv-brassicas-osr/,
https://www.cpm-magazine.co.uk/technical/tuyv-unnoticed-epidemic/,
https://extensionaus.com.au/FieldCropDiseasesVic/tuyv-western-vic/,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-017-0236-7,
https://cesaraustralia.com/pestfacts/tuyv-early-warning-system/,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1049905 and
https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/plant-diseases/grain-pulses-and-cereal-diseases/turnip-yellows-virus
Research on TuYV populations & resistances:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04931-w,
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2312-RE and via
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/turnip-yellows-virus
BWYV disease information:
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r441101411.html
Serological relationship between BWYV and TuYV:
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1972Articles/Phyto62n11_1274.PDF
Virus taxonomy via:
https://ictv.global/taxonomy
Information on _M. persicae_:
http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/aphid/green_peach_aphid.htm
- Mod.DHA

ProMED map:
United Kingdom: https://promedmail.org/promed-post?place=8708238,40]

See Also

2016
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Fungal diseases, wheat & oilseed rape - UK: alert 20160128.3971413
2015
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Turnip yellows virus, oilseed rape - UK: survey 20150612.3431867
2014
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Viral yellows, oilseed rape - Australia (02): (VI, NS) 20140718.2619590
Viral yellows, oilseed rape - Australia: (SA) 20140708.2594485
2011
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Vegetable viruses - Australia: (WA, QL) 20110314.0817
2010
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Turnip yellows virus, oilseed rape - UK: (England) 20100227.0653
2008
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Beet mosaic virus, lettuce - China: new host, (Shandong) 20080312.0990
2007
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Beet and cucurbit viruses, multiple hosts - China: 1st reports 20070516.1564

Website: http://www.isid.org

Published: February 9, 2023